howtosupplement
Hormonal/Women

DIM

Cruciferous vegetable compound that shifts estrogen metabolism and may support cervical and prostate cell health in hormone-sensitive adults.

DIM

DIM

50
score
C
evidence
Caution
risk
Quick Take

Worth considering if you have estrogen dominance or hormone-sensitive conditions; otherwise limited benefit for healthy adults.

DIM is a bioactive compound formed when the body digests indole-3-carbinol, found in broccoli, Brussels sprouts, and cabbage. It promotes CYP1A1 enzyme activity, which shifts estrogen metabolism away from 16α-hydroxyestrone toward the less potent 2-hydroxyestrone pathway. Human studies show consistent changes in urinary estrogen metabolite ratios, and preliminary trials suggest potential benefits for cervical cell health in women and prostate markers in men. It is most relevant for adults with hormone-sensitive tissue concerns or those seeking to modulate estrogen metabolism.

Proven Benefits

01
Modulates estrogen metabolism
02
May support cervical health
03
May lower PSA in men
04
May reduce thyroid nodules
05
May improve hormonal acne

Protocol

Amount
100-300 mg
Frequency
Once daily
When
With a meal containing fat to improve absorption.

Onset Time

4-8 weeks for estrogen metabolite shifts; 12-24 weeks for tissue changes.

Who Should Consider

Women with estrogen dominance symptoms
Adults with cervical dysplasia (medical supervision)
Men with elevated PSA or prostate concerns
Women with hormonal acne
Adults with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and nodules

Food Sources

  • Broccoli and cruciferous vegetables (yield I3C that converts to DIM)
  • Brussels sprouts
  • Cauliflower
  • Cabbage
  • Kale

How It Works

DIM upregulates cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1), increasing 2-hydroxylation of estrone and estradiol. This produces 2-hydroxyestrone, a weaker estrogen metabolite, while reducing levels of 16α-hydroxyestrone. It also exhibits weak anti-proliferative effects in hormone-sensitive tissues via modulation of estrogen receptor signaling and cell-cycle regulators.

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